What should a pre-purchase inspection cover?

Short answer: A thorough pre-purchase inspection covers four things: the records (logbooks, AD compliance, Form 337s, damage history), the engine (compression, borescope, oil filter, and oil analysis), the airframe and systems (corrosion, structure, controls, landing gear, avionics), and a written report with photos and estimated costs to correct. Unlike an annual, a pre-buy has no regulatory definition, so the scope is whatever you and your inspector agree to in writing.

Why is there no "standard" pre-buy?

The FAA defines what an annual inspection must include (14 CFR Part 43, Appendix D), but there is no FAA rule for a pre-purchase inspection. It is a private evaluation for the buyer. That means two pre-buys on the same airplane can be completely different, and the buyer should know exactly what is and is not included before work begins.

1. Records review

Records problems are often the most expensive findings, because they can affect value, insurability, and airworthiness all at once. A records review should check:

• Continuity. Complete airframe, engine, and propeller logbooks back to new, with no unexplained gaps.
• AD compliance. A current AD status list, verified against the actual ADs for the airframe, engine, propeller, and appliances (14 CFR 91.417(a)(2)(v)).
• Major repairs and alterations. Copies of FAA Form 337s and STC paperwork for every modification (14 CFR 91.417(a)(2)(vi)).
• Damage history. Evidence of past accidents or incidents, including repairs that may not be clearly labeled.
• Engine and propeller history. Time since overhaul, who did it, and calendar time, not just hours.
• Weight and balance and equipment list. Current and consistent with what is actually installed.

See logbook red flags for specific warning signs.

2. Engine evaluation

The engine is usually the single most expensive component, so it deserves the most attention:

• Differential compression test on each cylinder (what it tells you)
• Borescope inspection of cylinders and valves (what it shows)
• Oil filter cut and inspection for metal
• Oil sample for analysis (what it reveals)
• Run-up and leak check: mag drop, idle, static RPM, oil and fuel leaks, exhaust condition
• Engine monitor data if available, to look for cylinder temperature trends

3. Airframe, systems, and corrosion

• Corrosion inspection, especially wing spars, carry-throughs, control surfaces, and belly areas
• Structural damage and evidence of prior repairs
• Flight control cables, pulleys, hinges, and travel
• Landing gear, brakes, and (for retractables) gear operation
• Fuel system, including tanks and bladders where applicable
• Avionics and autopilot function
• Interior, windows, doors, and seat rails

4. Test flight

A test flight, when the seller allows it, confirms engine performance, avionics, autopilot, trim, and handling. Agree in advance who flies and who is responsible for any damage during the flight.

5. The report

The deliverable matters as much as the inspection. A useful pre-buy report includes:

• A clear list of findings, separated into airworthiness items and everything else
• Photos (and ideally video) for each finding
• Estimated cost-to-correct ranges, so you can negotiate on real numbers
• A conversation with the inspector to walk through what matters

Should I stage the inspection?

Yes, if you can. Starting with records and the engine, then pausing for a go/no-go decision before the deeper airframe inspection, can save you money on an airplane that fails early. If the logbooks are missing or the engine has a serious problem, you may not need to pay for the rest.

Who should do it?

Use a shop that has no relationship with the seller and knows the type. The inspector works for you, and findings should be shared with the seller only with your permission.

How Wingman handles it

Wingman AeroCare's ClearBuy pre-purchase inspection comes in three levels: Remote (records review), Standard (onsite, two phases), and Premium (enhanced access). Phase 1 covers the engine and records, then you get a stop/go decision before Phase 2 covers airframe, systems, and corrosion. The onsite packages deliver a written report, a photo evidence pack, cost-to-correct ranges, and a debrief call; Remote delivers a written records memo. Findings are never shared with the seller without your permission. ClearBuy is quoted per aircraft; see pre-purchase inspections or call (970) 292-0719.